Financial Crime Services

Financial crime remains a significant regulatory and operational risk for UK financial services firms. It encompasses a broad range of risks, including money laundering, terrorist financing, proliferation financing, fraud, sanctions breaches, bribery and corruption, and the facilitation of tax evasion.

The precise risks and legal obligations applying to a firm will depend on its activities, products, customers, delivery channels and regulatory status. Effective financial crime frameworks should therefore be proportionate to the firm’s business model and the threats it faces. Square 4 helps financial services firms design, review and strengthen financial crime frameworks that meet regulatory expectations and work in practice. Our support ranges from risk assessments, governance and policy development through to customer due diligence, screening, transaction monitoring, training, regulatory engagement, remediation and independent assurance. Whether you are responding to regulatory findings, preparing for supervisory scrutiny, addressing identified weaknesses or developing a more mature risk-based approach, we provide practical support tailored to your firm.

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Why Effective Financial Crime Controls Matter

Financial crime can cause significant harm to customers, firms and the wider financial system. It can result in financial loss, regulatory intervention, remediation costs, reputational damage and the exploitation of financial products and services by criminals.

The legal and regulatory framework is not the same for every firm. Businesses within the scope of the Money Laundering Regulations 2017, as amended, must comply with requirements relating to risk assessment, customer due diligence, ongoing monitoring, internal controls, record keeping and training. Other regulated firms are also expected to maintain appropriate systems and controls to identify, assess and manage the financial crime risks relevant to their business.

Regulators increasingly expect firms to demonstrate more than the existence of policies and controls. Firms should be able to evidence that their arrangements are risk-based, proportionate, embedded and operating effectively in practice.

Strong financial crime frameworks help firms protect customers, support informed senior management oversight, respond effectively to emerging risks and demonstrate that identified weaknesses are addressed in a controlled and sustainable way.

Understanding the Regulatory Framework

Money Laundering Regulations 2017

For firms within scope, the Money Laundering Regulations 2017, as amended, require a risk-based approach to money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing risk. Relevant requirements include conducting and documenting a business-wide risk assessment, applying customer due diligence, identifying and verifying beneficial owners, carrying out enhanced due diligence where required, maintaining ongoing monitoring, establishing appropriate internal controls, retaining records and providing relevant staff training. Enhanced due diligence and enhanced ongoing monitoring are required in circumstances prescribed by the Regulations and where a firm identifies a higher risk. Relevant factors may include the customer, ownership structure, product, delivery channel, geography, transaction activity and the involvement of politically exposed persons or higher-risk jurisdictions. Relevant firms must also maintain appropriate internal arrangements for identifying and escalating knowledge or suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing. Where the applicable legal threshold is met, disclosures may need to be made to the National Crime Agency.

FCA Requirements and Expectations

The FCA expects firms to maintain effective systems and controls to identify, assess and manage the financial crime risks relevant to their business. The precise requirements will depend on the firm’s regulatory status and the FCA Handbook provisions applying to it. Firms should be able to demonstrate that their approach is risk-based, proportionate and supported by clear governance, senior management accountability, effective management information, appropriate escalation arrangements, training and assurance. FCA reviews and enforcement action have repeatedly identified weaknesses in areas such as business-wide and customer risk assessment, customer due diligence, ongoing monitoring, transaction monitoring, screening, suspicious activity reporting and governance. The FCA’s expectations also extend beyond AML. Depending on the firm’s activities, relevant risks may include fraud, sanctions, bribery and corruption, and other forms of financial crime.

Our Financial Crime Services

Sectors We Support – Our financial crime expertise spans:

  • Banks and building societies

  • Consumer credit, mortgage and specialist lending firms

  • Motor and asset finance providers

  • Wealth and investment management firms

  • Payment services and e-money firms

  • Insurance firms and insurance intermediaries

  • Pensions and retirement providers

  • Annex I financial institutions and other businesses supervised for AML purposes

  • Fintechs and firms developing or launching new financial products.

  • Each sector has different financial crime risks, legal requirements and regulatory expectations. We tailor our approach to the firm’s size, complexity, business model and risk profile rather than applying a standard framework to every organisation.

Why Square 4

Regulatory and Practical Expertise

Our team brings together experienced regulatory consultants and financial crime practitioners. We combine detailed knowledge of UK legal and regulatory expectations with practical experience of reviewing, designing and implementing controls within financial services firms. Square 4 was named Compliance Consultancy Firm of the Year 2024 by the International Compliance Association, demonstrating our wider experience in delivering effective regulatory and compliance support.

Proportionate, Risk-Based Solutions

We help firms develop arrangements that are proportionate to their risks, regulatory obligations and operating environment.Our work is designed to meet regulatory expectations without introducing unnecessary complexity, customer friction or cost. We also help firms document the rationale for their decisions and demonstrate how the risk-based approach is applied in practice.

Flexible Support

We can support firms from initial review and risk assessment through to framework design, implementation, remediation, training and independent assurance. Our engagement models include defined projects, targeted reviews, retained advisory support and, where appropriate, access to wider interim resource capability.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does financial crime include?

Financial crime encompasses money laundering, terrorist and proliferation financing, fraud, sanctions breaches, bribery, corruption and the facilitation of tax evasion. An effective financial crime framework identifies the risks relevant to a firm’s products, services, customers, delivery channels, geographies and business relationships, and establishes proportionate governance, policies, controls, monitoring, escalation, training and assurance to meet applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

What is a risk-based approach to financial crime?

A risk-based approach requires firms to identify and assess the financial crime risks relevant to their business and apply proportionate controls. Higher-risk relationships may require enhanced due diligence, additional evidence, senior management approval and enhanced monitoring, while lower-risk circumstances may permit simplified due diligence where legally appropriate. Square 4 helps firms implement proportionate, risk-based frameworks that meet regulatory expectations, document key decisions and minimise unnecessary customer friction.

What is APP fraud and what are firms’ responsibilities?

Authorised Push Payment (APP) fraud occurs when a customer is deceived into authorising a payment to a fraudster, for example through impersonation, investment, romance, invoice or purchase scams. Since 7 October 2024, mandatory reimbursement requirements have applied to qualifying APP scam payments made through Faster Payments, with comparable protections for CHAPS, placing obligations on both sending and receiving payment service providers. Square 4 helps firms assess APP fraud risks, strengthen prevention and detection controls, improve customer warnings, investigations and reimbursement processes, and enhance governance, management information and oversight as part of a broader fraud and financial crime framework.

What is the role of the MLRO?

The Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) oversees the firm’s arrangements for managing money laundering and wider financial crime risks. Depending on the firm’s activities and regulatory status, the role typically includes oversight of policies and controls, suspicious activity reporting, risk assessments, governance, management information, training and reporting to senior management or the Board. Square 4 supports MLROs and financial crime teams with proportionate frameworks, risk assessments, governance, reporting and advice on complex financial crime matters.

When should a firm carry out a financial crime framework review?

A financial crime framework review provides independent assurance that a firm’s controls remain effective and proportionate, whether in preparation for regulatory engagement, following significant business change or when addressing identified weaknesses. Reviews can cover the entire financial crime framework or specific areas such as AML, fraud, sanctions, customer due diligence, screening, transaction monitoring, governance, reporting and training, delivering clear, prioritised recommendations to strengthen both control design and effectiveness.

What is a business-wide financial crime risk assessment?

A business-wide risk assessment identifies and evaluates the financial crime risks arising from a firm’s business model, products and services, customers, delivery channels and geographies. For firms within the scope of the Money Laundering Regulations, a documented assessment of money laundering and terrorist financing risk is a legal requirement, with many firms also incorporating fraud, sanctions, bribery and other financial crime risks. The assessment should be reviewed regularly and updated whenever there are material changes to the business, its risk profile or the external threat environment.

 

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Whether you need an independent review, a stronger risk assessment, revised policies and controls, support with regulatory engagement or access to additional specialist capability, we can help. Contact us for a confidential, no-obligation discussion about your firm’s financial crime requirements.

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